Ontario • 564 Registered Wells

Toronto Water Well Depth & Hydrogeology

Regional groundwater summary • Ontario Historical Log Extraction

Bottom Line Up Front

In Toronto, the median completed well is 89 ft deep.

A published hardness range for this place and aquifer is under 60 to above 180 mg/L as CaCO₃. That is a regional estimate, not a test of your well. Source: Estimate based on Health Canada hardness bands.

Most production draws from Sand & Gravel (about 55% of local wells).

These municipal aggregates support planning only — they do not replace an accredited laboratory potability test for your own well.

Interactive Well Depth & Modeled Typical Strata

Drag the indicator line or tap a stratum below to read the recorded depth range

Drilling in: Sand & Gravel Aquifer (15–400+ ft)Glacial Drift Aquifer

Modelled Depth

89 FT

Median for this area. Typical range 58–138 ft.

Area median

Range: 0–400 FT

Drilling cost

$6,230–$13,350

Estimate. Typical drilling prices in Canada, about $70–$150 per foot

Estimate

Published hardness

under 60 to above 180 mg/L as CaCO₃

Estimate. Estimate based on Health Canada hardness bands

Pump class: 1/2 HP submersible, 4" casing

0 ft (Surface)Median 89 ft400 ft (Deep)

Topsoil & Surficial Organics

Sand & Gravel Aquifer

Modeled typical strata:

Modeled typical strata — placeholder from median depth + aquifer type; not local driller logs.

Well Statistics

Local measurements compared against Ontario provincial benchmarks.

Total Registered Wells 564

Median Well Depth 89 ft

ON benchmark: 103 ft provincial median

Average Well Depth 104.3 ft

Dominant Aquifer Sand & Gravel

Hardness under 60 to above 180 mg/L as CaCO₃ — Estimate. Estimate based on Health Canada hardness bands

Drilling cost $6,230–$13,350 — Estimate. Typical drilling prices in Canada, about $70–$150 per foot

Domestic Household Use 56% of wells

Hydrogeological Metric	From the registry or a cited study	ON Provincial Benchmark
Total Registered Wells	564	—
Median Well Depth	89 ft	103 ft provincial median
Average Well Depth	104.3 ft	—
Dominant Aquifer	Sand & Gravel	—
Hardness	under 60 to above 180 mg/L as CaCO₃ — Estimate. Estimate based on Health Canada hardness bands	—
Drilling cost	$6,230–$13,350 — Estimate. Typical drilling prices in Canada, about $70–$150 per foot	—
Domestic Household Use	56% of wells	—

Where This Report Applies

Approximate boundary of Toronto

Shaded area is an approximate municipal outline for orientation only. Well records are aggregated across the entire Toronto.

Depth Distribution

Most completed wells fall near the median depth of 89 ft. Recorded depths cover 561 wells.

0–49 ft 19.8% · 111

19.8% · 111

49–98 ft 37.1% · 208

37.1% · 208

98–148 ft 20.7% · 116

20.7% · 116

148–197 ft 12.3% · 69

12.3% · 69

197–295 ft 8.9% · 50

8.9% · 50

295–394 ft 0.7% · 4

0.7% · 4

394–591 ft 0.4% · 2

0.4% · 2

591+ ft 0.2% · 1

0.2% · 1

Median depth of 89 ft falls inside the reported range. Deeper completions here usually mean higher mineral content but steadier year-round pressure.

Aquifer Composition

Bedrock and drift aquifers recorded by drillers in this area. Recorded for 556 of these 564 wells.

Sand & Gravel Aquifer Glacial Drift Aquifer

55%

310 of 564 Shallow to intermediate glacial drift aquifer deposited in alluvial channels or outwash plains. Yields softer water but requires continuous sediment filtration and shallow bacterial monitoring.

Sedimentary Shale Formation Fractured Shale Aquifer

26.4%

149 of 564 Fractured sedimentary shale formation (including Odanah / Pierre members). Characterized by high total dissolved solids (TDS) and potential sulfur/iron compounds.

Glacial Lacustrine Clay & Silt Confining Aquitard

15.4%

87 of 564 Impermeable glaciolacustrine clay and silt deposits formed in ancient glacial lakes. Acts as an effective regional aquitard confining underlying aquifers.

Carbonate Bedrock (Limestone / Dolomite) Primary Bedrock Aquifer

1.8%

10 of 564 Major regional bedrock aquifer formed by Ordovician/Silurian dolomite. Known for reliable, high-volume yields with elevated mineral hardness and dissolved calcium/magnesium carbonates.

49,853 holes found no usable water. test holes, observation or monitoring wells, dewatering wells, decommissioned wells, dry holes, no-aquifer holes, and other non-supply wells filtered out of the headline

Water Quality Profile

A published hardness range, when one exists for this place and aquifer. Not a test of your well.

Measured nearby

Measured government tests within 25 km of Toronto.

Soft (<60) Med (61–120) Hard (121–180) V. hard (>180)

USGS (2018) bands reprinted by Health Canada. A range can cross more than one band. This is not a sample.

What this is not

Not a laboratory result for a well on your property.
Not a reason to size a softener. Size equipment from a lab test.
Not a drilling quote. A cost line on this page is a national estimate, not a price for one well.

Health Canada has not set a maximum acceptable concentration for hardness. A wide published range can sit in more than one USGS band.

YORK, City of Toronto, 6.64 km away, nearby.

4 government lab tests, dated 2003–2007.

These results are old (tested 2003–2007).

Hardness 66–292 mg/L as CaCO₃, median 187.5.

Worked out by wellwaterguide.ca from 4 government lab tests.

reported hardness, or calculated from measured calcium and magnesium when hardness was not reported

Provincial Groundwater Monitoring Network (PGMN): water chemistry and well locations Open Government Licence - Ontario

YORK, City of Toronto, 8.29 km away, nearby.

21 government lab tests, dated 2003–2025.

Hardness 223–332 mg/L as CaCO₃, median 304.

Worked out by wellwaterguide.ca from 21 government lab tests.

reported hardness, or calculated from measured calcium and magnesium when hardness was not reported

Provincial Groundwater Monitoring Network (PGMN): water chemistry and well locations Open Government Licence - Ontario

MARKHAM, YORK REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY, 20.62 km away, in the wider area.

22 government lab tests, dated 2007–2025.

Hardness 500–796 mg/L as CaCO₃, median 635.

Worked out by wellwaterguide.ca from 22 government lab tests.

reported hardness, or calculated from measured calcium and magnesium when hardness was not reported

Provincial Groundwater Monitoring Network (PGMN): water chemistry and well locations Open Government Licence - Ontario

Drilling Activity

Historical permit and construction activity by decade.

Pre-1970 405 wells

405 wells

1970s 37 wells

37 wells

1980s 12 wells

12 wells

1990s 20 wells

20 wells

2000s 53 wells

53 wells

2010s 20 wells

20 wells

2020s 17 wells

17 wells

82% of dated wells are over 30 years old (pre-1995). Steel casing installed before 1995 can lose integrity over time. Any older well should get a casing inspection and a certified bacterial test before reliance.

Treatment

Size treatment from a laboratory test

This page does not turn a hardness range or a well depth into an equipment total, a grain capacity, or a drilling price. Read the methodology, the filtration guide, and the products catalog.

Suggested system